Targeted drug delivery utilizing colloidal nanostructures has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These nanoscale structures can be precisely engineered with surface functionalities that enable targeted binding to specific cells or tissues, thereby delivering the payload directly to t
Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a significant class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These highly fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their intrinsic structure and surface chemistry. The tunable size, shape, and compositi
Carbon nanotubes, tubular structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, have captivated scientists and engineers with their exceptional electrical properties. Their unique strength, conductivity, and lightness make them ideal candidates for a wide range of applications, from high-performance materials to flexible electronics. Understanding the det
Producing biodiesel successfully can be a lucrative endeavor. However, optimizing the process to achieve maximum profitability requires a multi-faceted approach. Key considerations include sourcing sustainable feedstocks at competitive prices, implementing state-of-the-art production technologies, and optimizing operational workflows. Furthermore,
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit exceptional luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. Despite this, the potential toxicological consequences of UCNPs necessitate thorough investigation to ensure their safe utilization. This review aims to offer a systematic ana